the goal:

Explanation of the idea of working liquid batteries

Materials and tools:

Glass rod - glass beaker - thick aluminum foil - two crocodile clips - copper tape - two copper wires - voltmeter - calibrated tester - blotting paper - dilute hydrochloric acid - vinegar - water - aluminum tape

Steps:

1- Cover the glass flask from the inside with aluminum foil, so that the aluminum is bent towards the outside at the edges of the flask, as shown in Figure 1.

2- Place the glass rod crosswise over the beaker.

3- Attach the copper tape to the glass rod inside the flask using alligator clips, and keep the tape close to the tip of the flask without touching the aluminum.

4- Connect a copper wire with crocodile clips, and connect the second end of the wire to the positive terminal of the voltmeter

5- Attach the second crocodile clip to the bent aluminum foil outside the flask, on the side near the copper strip, as shown in Figure 1

6- Attach a copper wire to the second clamp, and connect the other end of the wire to the voltmeter from its negative end as in Figure 2.

7- Observe the wet cell, then without any changes in Table 1, note the voltage through the voltmeter and record it in Table 1.

8- Carefully add the dilute hydrochloric acid to the aluminum beaker.

Note:

We notice that the voltmeter pointer moves in some cases and does not move in others

Conclusion:

We conclude that hydrochloric acid, copper tape, and aluminum foil produce maximum voltage

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