The cell is the basic unit of life and is found in all living organisms, including animals and plants. Animal and plant cells differ in some characteristics and functions.

Under the microscope, we can clearly see animal and plant cells.

Animal cells contain several important cellular structures, including:

1. Cell membrane: a thin layer that surrounds the animal cell from the outside and maintains its internal cohesion and safety.

2. Nucleus: a cellular structure that contains DNA and plays an important role in regulating cell processes and transferring genetic information.

3. Cytoplasm: the fluid that fills the cell and contains many vital structures such as ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and others.

4. Ribosomes: small cellular structures that are present in the cytoplasm and play an important role in the process of translating DNA into proteins.

5. Mitochondria: cellular structures that are present in the cytoplasm and play an important role in producing energy for the cell.

6. Lysosomes: cellular structures that contain digestive enzymes that break down food materials and empty them into the cytoplasm.

7. Golgi apparatus: a cellular structure that plays an important role in manufacturing, modifying, storing, and transporting proteins to appropriate locations within the cell.

These are some of the basic cellular structures in animal cells, and animal cells may differ in some cases with regard to the presence of some of these structures or their organization.

Plant cells also contain several important cellular structures, including:

1. Cell wall: a thick layer that covers the plant cell from the outside, protects it, and gives it its distinctive shape.

2. Cell membrane: a thin layer that surrounds the plant cell from the inside and maintains its internal cohesion and safety.

3. Nucleus: a cellular structure that contains DNA and plays an important role in regulating cell processes and transferring genetic information.

4. Cytoplasm: the fluid that fills the cell and contains many vital structures such as ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and others.

5. Ribosomes: small cellular structures that are present in the cytoplasm and play an important role in the process of translating DNA into proteins.

6. Mitochondria: cellular structures that are present in the cytoplasm and play an important role in producing energy for the cell.

7. Lysosomes: cellular structures that contain digestive enzymes that break down food materials and empty them into the cytoplasm.

8. Chloroplasts: a cellular structure that contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis and food production in plant cells.

9. Vacuole: a spherical cellular structure containing fluid whose function is to store food, water, and other important materials for the cell.

These are some of the basic cellular structures in plant cells, and plant cells sometimes differ in the presence of some of these structures or their organization. In addition to the mentioned cellular structures, animal and plant cells contain many other structures that help them perform their various functions.

Animal and plant cells share a number of vital functions, as follows:

1- Movement: Some animal cells have the ability to move, such as nerve and muscle cells, while plant cells move through the green flagellum containing chlorophyll.

2- Respiration: Cellular respiration occurs in both animal and plant cells through the process of cellular combustion, which produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

3- Metabolism: Animal and plant cells have the ability to metabolize, which is the process of converting energy from one form to another, and metabolism produces the energy necessary for cell life.

4- Internal transport: Internal transport occurs in both animal and plant cells through the cytoplasm, the fluid that fills the cell and in which many cellular structures move.

5- Cell division: Cell division occurs in both animal and plant cells and is a vital process for growth, reproduction, and cellular development.

Although animal and plant cells share some vital functions, they differ in some other functions that plant cells are characterized by, such as photosynthesis and food production.

We can conclude from the above that animal and plant cells are the basic units of life, and they are similar in some vital functions such as respiration, metabolism, internal transport, and cell division. However, they differ in some characteristics, such as:

- Animal cells contain the cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes, while plant cells contain the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.

- Animal cells do not undergo photosynthesis and food production, while plant cells do.

- Plant cells contain plastids and other compounds that give them their unique external shape, which differs from the external shape of animal cells.

- Plant cells contain the green flagellum containing chlorophyll that performs photosynthesis and food production, while animal cells do not contain this flagellum.

It can be said that animal and plant cells differ in some aspects, but they are similar in many basic vital functions.

Here's an experiment "Animal and Plant Cells Under the Microscope" on the vlaby platform to learn more about them: //vlaby.com/en/experiment/346